桥梁工程设计规范2018

　　导读

　　设计师的工作不是制作奇形怪状的东西，也不是简单地让物体看起来更有型。所谓设计，本质上就是为解决问题寻找新方法。而浙江余姚鹿亭乡的中村竹桥就是为了设计的创新与美而诞生的。往往一个事物美的令人沉醉的时候，或许心中的那份乡愁已油然而生。

　　乡愁

——余光中

小时候

When I was a child

乡愁是一枚小小的邮票

Homesickness was a small stamp

我在这头

I'm here

母亲在那头

Mother is on the other side

长大后

When I grow up

乡愁是一张窄窄的船票

Homesickness was a narrow boat ticket

我在这头

I'm here

新娘在那头

The bride is on the other side

后来啊

Later

乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓

Homesickness was a low tomb

我在外头

I am outside

母亲在里头

Mother is inside

而现在

And now

乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡

Homesickness is a shallow strait

我在这头

I'm here

大陆在那头

Mainland is on the other side

　　今天，我们就一起来熟悉下这座与大自然水乳交融的中村竹桥，回想那记忆深处的一抹乡愁。

　　余姚是长江流域最古老的人类文明河姆渡的发源地，中村地处余姚四明山的原始次生林脚下，一条小溪穿流整个村落。在场地的岸两侧分别是乡伴树蛙部落的生态树屋和其配套的俱乐部，两者间需要一座桥的连接。甲方也提出了工期短、低造价、使用年限大于三年即可的设计条件。

　　在这里，竹材资源非常丰富，也曾有不少经验丰富的竹匠，但现在都已是简单粗暴的加工方式。村中的竹匠也大都外出务工或是上了年纪。因此，在解决功能需求的基础上，我们希望通过与当地老匠人一起，采用低造价，低环境影响的方法，建造一座纯竹结构的人行桥。因为最终施工将由当地工匠负责，所以我们将他们的经验也融入了设计的初始阶段。我们拜访了当地84岁的的竹匠，俞国治师傅，并提出了想要造一座竹拱桥的想法，俞师傅用图和模型表达了他的做法。

　　The site is abundant with bamboo and once many skilled bamboo artisans in the village. To rivive the perishing bamboo craftsmanship, the design is revolved around the use of bamboo, structurally and decoratively. Bamboo is a very sustainable and resilient material. However, it is rarely used in the modern construction because its non-standardized size and joints, unlike wood. To fully explore the potential of bamboo, artisan’ knowledge is included into the design process in the beginning. The local artisan, eighty-four-year-old Mr. Guozhi Yu partook a crucial role in the initial phase of design to fully inform the design team of the construction details. Because of the different accents, the profesionally-trained architecture team of LOW and the expeirence-based artisan communicated majorly through drawings and models.

　　▼竹桥模型

　　the model

　　▼竹桥与青山融为一体

　　the bridge’s curving figure blends with the landscape

　　▼穿行于竹桥间望见不同的风景

　　the views changing while stepping along the bridge

围护同样采用了竹子，形式上强调结构的拱形，上下对称的形式则是受到当地白云桥和水中倒影的启发。当人们穿过竹桥时，逐渐升高和降低的围护将会将人们的视线导向不同的风景，远山，近水和过桥之后的树屋。

　　The project integrates modern aesthetics in the minimal form of the railing and inherited bamboo craftsmanship in the elaborate bamboo arch structure. The form of the railing is inspired by the image of the thousand-year-old stone arch bridge, White Cloud Bridge and its reflection in the water, the elegance and serenity of it. The form is also defined by human experience. As visitors crosses the bridge from one side to another, the eyes follow the railing, being guided to different views: the mountain in the distance, the rivulet under the bridge and the treehouses in the end.

　　▼竹桥概念来自当地另一座桥

　　the concept comes from an existing bridge

低技术实验室致力于提供系统性的设计方案，这意味着使用当地的材料，结合当地工艺的低技术施工方法，和适用于当地的设计方案，结合材料，结构及施工一体的设计流程，使得我们可以得到最经济适用的设计。中村竹桥的建造在25天内完成，仅花费2.6万元，其中5000元材料费，2.1万元人工费。

　　Low-Tech Lab (LOW) offers an sysmetic solution for modern rural construction and explores the design method that integrates material, structure and construction. As the result, the cost and construction period is reduced to the minimum. The bridge was constructed in 25 days and only cost 26000 RMB (approximate 3700USD), 5000 RMB for material and 21000 RMB for labor.

　　▼造价低廉，易于施工

　　the low-cost bridge could be quickly constructed

　　▼夜景

　　night view

　　▼视线分析图

　　This is Title

　　▼分解轴测图

　　exploded axonometric

　　▼总平面图

　　siteplan

　　▼平、立面图

　　plan and elevations

　　▼结构分析图

　　structural analysis

　　项目信息

项目地址：中国浙江省余姚中村

项目年份：2017

总面积：22㎡

总建筑师: 孙久强

项目建筑师：Chao Ma 马超、Jiaqing Yao 姚家庆

项目团队：孟斯、周静微、钱知洋、胡彤、刘超群、陶虹屹、郑呈晨、董妍初

建筑结构一体化设计顾问：孟宪川

施工指导：Low-Tech Lab( LOW) 低技术实验室(LOW)

制图撰文：周静微、马超

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